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In the state of nature, there were no laws or anyone to enforce them. As a result, everyone suffered from “continued fear and danger of violent death and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” Every person was free to do what he or she needed to do to survive. Hobbes began Leviathan by describing the “state of nature” where all individuals were naturally equal. Hobbes likened the leviathan to government, a powerful state created to impose order. ![]() ![]() The title of the book referred to a leviathan, a mythological, whale-like sea monster that devoured whole ships. Shortly after Charles was executed, an English philosopher, Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), wrote Leviathan, a defense of the absolute power of kings. The war ended with the beheading of the king. In 1649, a civil war broke out over who would rule England-Parliament or King Charles I. ![]() As the absolute rule of kings weakened, Enlightenment philosophers argued for different forms of democracy. Starting in the 1600s, European philosophers began debating the question of who should govern a nation. Bill of Rights in Action Spring 2004 (20:2) Developments in DemocracyīRIA 20:2 Home | How Women Won the Right to Vote | Have Women Achieved Equality? | Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government
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